Ukusebenza njengoManejala we-OHS (onoxanduva lweMpilo noKhuseleko eMsebenzini) kuthetha ukuba phambili ekukhuseleni abantu bombutho kunye nempahla yabo. Yonke imihla, Umsebenzi wakho udibanisa ubunkokeli, uhlalutyo lobugcisa, kunye nobuchule boshishino. Ke olo khuseleko ayisongezo nje, kodwa ngumqhubi wexabiso. Ukuba utsaleleke kwindima enempembelelo yokwenyani, apha uya kufumana ujongo olubanzi, olusebenzayo, noluhlaziyiweyo malunga nokuba yintoni efunekayo ukuze ufike apho kwaye ugqame.
Imakethi ifuna ngakumbi iingcali ezikwaziyo ukudibanisa imingcipheko yokusebenza kunye neziphumo zoshishino. Ukusuka kwizicwangciso zemizi-mveliso ukuya kwiifemu ezinkulu zokubonisana, uMphathi we-OHS wangoku uhamba ngemigaqo, inkcubeko yokhuseleko, kunye neendlela zenkqubo ezifana ne-PSM kunye ne-PHA. Sichaza iindima, izakhono, uqeqesho, amacandelo, iimeko kunye nendlela yokoyisa imiqobo eqhelekileyo xa ujonga unikezelo kwiiphothali zobungcali.
Yintoni uMphathi we-OHS kwaye ingena njani kumashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu?
Umphathi we-OHS ukhokela ulawulo lwezempilo kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini, ukulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo, imigangatho, kunye nemisebenzi yokulawula umngcipheko. Kumashishini anobungozi obuphezulu (ikhemikhali, ioli kunye negesi, i-petrochemical, imigodi, amandla, phakathi kwabanye), le nxaxheba idla ngokugqithiswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo. Kulapho izikhokelo ezifana ne-PSM (uLawulo loKhuseleko lweNkqubo) kunye neendlela ze-PHA zingena khona. ezinceda ekuchongeni iingozi kunye nokuphumeza imiqobo esebenzayo.
Kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ezinezinto ezinobungozi okanye izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, ukuthobela nje umthetho akwanelanga: ubungqongqo bobugcisa kunye nogwebo oluvakalayo luyafuneka ukuze kulawulwe iimeko ezinokwenzeka okuncinci kodwa iziphumo ezibi. Yiyo loo nto abaphathi abaninzi be-OHS besebenzisana (okanye bagxile) kuhlalutyo olunje ngeHAZOP, HAZID, okanye LOPA. izixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba uchithe imingcipheko kwaye uguqule iziphumo zobugcisa kwizigqibo zokusebenzaObu buchule bokudibanisa ulwazi ngundoqo kubaphathi ukuba baqonde ukuba yintoni ekufuneka ibekwe phambili kwaye kutheni.
Olunye uphawu olwahlulayo kukusebenza ngokunqamlezileyo. Umphathi olungileyo we-OHS usebenza kumjikelo wobomi be-asethi: uyilo, ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokuphelisa ugunyaziso. Ukhuseleko lwenkqubo "alongezwa" ekugqibeleni; idityanisiwe kwasekuqaleni. kwaye ilawulwa ngononophelo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Oku kuthintela ukothuka kunye nokunciphisa iindleko kwixesha eliphakathi.
Ngaphaya koko, indima iya isanda kwihlabathi jikelele. Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neefemu zokubonisana zikhangela iingcali ezikwaziyo ukusebenza kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye neenkcubeko. Ukunxibelelana namaqela obugcisa kunye nabaphathikunye nokudibanisa ulawulo lomngcipheko kunye nezalathi zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo kwishishini.
Iindima eziphambili kunye noxanduva
Ukuba ucinga ukusebenza njengoMphathi we-OHS kumacandelo asemngciphekweni omkhulu, olu luxanduva uya kubona amaxesha ngamaxesha kwiinkcazo zemisebenzi ephezulu kunye neeprojekthi zokubonisana eziphezulu. Le asiyomisebenzi yodwa; benza inkqubo. edibanisa uhlalutyo, inkcubeko, imisebenzi, kunye neziphumo:
- Yila kwaye usebenzise inkqubo yokhuseleko lwamanyathelo ajolise kwi-PHA, usebenzisa iindlela ezifana ne-HAZOP, i-HAZID kunye ne-LOPA ukuvavanya iimeko, izikhuselo kunye neengqimba zokukhusela.
- Yenza njengomcebisi othembekileyo kubaphathi kunye neenkokheli zokusebenza, ukuguqulela umngcipheko wokusebenza kwiimpembelelo zoshishino kunye nokubekwa phambili kotyalo-mali.
- Ukuququzelela kunye/okanye usihlalo iiseshoni ze-PHA ezinomgangatho ophezulu wobugcisa, unceda amaqela amacandelo amaninzi ukuba aqonde imingcipheko enzima kwaye avumelane ngezenzo.
- Ukusebenza kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi be-asethi (uyilo, ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa, uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuphelisa ugunyaziso) ukomeleza ukomelela.
- Yakha izisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezilungelelaniswe nenkcubeko yomthengi, iimfuno zeshishini, kunye neemfuno ezisebenzayo zolawulo.
- Ukuba negalelo kuphuculo lolwazi lwangaphakathi (iindlela ze-PSM) kunye nokucebisa iiprofayili ezisezantsi ukulinganisa izenzo ezilungileyo.
Intambo eqhelekileyo kukukwazi ukuququzelela, ukuphembelela, kunye nokwenza. Umphathi osebenzayo we-OHS akavele "aphumelele uphicotho"Iqhuba utshintsho oluhlala luhleli, idibanisa isiyalo sokusebenza, kwaye yenza ukhuseleko lubonakale kumgangatho osezantsi ngeziganeko ezimbalwa, ixesha elincinane elingacwangciswanga, kunye nokufumaneka okukhulu.
Izakhono ezibalulekileyo kunye nezakhono
Ngaphaya kwezakhono zobugcisa, izakhono zokusebenzisana ziyaqaqamba kwezi ndima. Ukuququzelela i-HAZOP eluncedo ifuna ukumamela, ukudibanisa, ukulawula ixesha, kunye nokuthintela incoko ukuba ilahleke kwiinkcukacha ezingabalulekanga. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo lweziphumo zobugcisa kwiingcebiso ezinokusetyenzwa Bubugcisa obuqeqeshwayo, kwaye bubahlula abo bongeza ixabiso.
Ukuzola kwiingxoxo neekomiti zolawulo kunye nabaphathi bezityalo nako kuyaxatyiswa. Kufuneka udibanise imingcipheko kunye neempembelelo zoqoqosho, ubeke phambili ngobuchule, kwaye ukhusele izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha. Yiba nocwangco, ucazulule kwaye ujolise kwiziphumo Iya kukuvumela ukuba ulawule imida emininzi ngexesha elinye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumbono weyona njongo iphambili.
Kwiimeko zamazwe ngamazwe, ukusebenzela iinkampani zehlabathi kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukubamba iindima kwimisebenzi, ubunjineli, okanye inkqubo yokhuseleko yinzuzo ebalulekileyo. La mava okusebenza ngezandla akunika ukhuphiswano xa ucebisa uphuculo. Ukuba nawe unamava ngokubonisanaUya kuyazi indlela yokupakisha izisombululo eziphindaphindwayo kwaye uqinisekise abachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo.
Okokugqibela, ukuququzelela okuphucukileyo kunye nobunkokeli obungekho sikweni ngabona bahluleli abaphambili. Ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa abantu abavela kubunjineli, ukugcinwa, ukusebenza, i-HSE, kunye nemali malunga nesicwangciso esiqhelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwazi umgangatho wangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukhuseleko ngumdlalo weqela Kwaye ukukwazi kwakho ukulungelelanisa yonke into kubonisa kwiziphumo.
Uqeqesho, amava kunye neziqinisekiso
Kwiindima eziphezulu, idigri yobunjineli okanye elinganayo idla ngokufuneka. Imibutho emininzi ixabisa isidanga se-master (MSc) okanye i-MBA xa isikhundla sinophawu olubalulekileyo lweshishini. Kwizikhundla zobungcali okanye "iNgcali yoMba weSifundo" kukhuseleko lwenkquboAmava amaninzi akhokelela kwi-PHAs ayafuneka, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekiswa njengoSihlalo we-HAZOP okanye uMququzeleli we-PHA.
Imfundo eqhubekayo ibala: ukusuka kwiimodyuli ze-PSM kunye ne-PHA ukuya kubunkokeli, utshintsho lwenkcubeko, kunye nohlalutyo lomngcipheko; kwaye unokongeza kunye uqeqesho lokuqala kuthintelo lomngcipheko emsebenziniIinkampani ezininzi zibonelela ngesikhokelo sophuhliso lweetalente ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nezifundo zangaphakathi ukukhawulezisa ukusetyenzwa kwezakhono zokubonisana. Tyala kwizakhono zakho zokuphucula Iya kukugcina ufanelekile kwiindlela, isoftware, kunye nezakhono ezithambileyo.
Kumashishini anobungozi obuphezulu, kuqhelekile ukufumana iimfuno ze-15 okanye iminyaka engaphezulu yamava aqokelelweyo kwimisebenzi, ubunjineli, umngcipheko, okanye i-HSE. Kuqhelekile ukuba kufunwe isiNgesi nolunye ulwimi lwaseYurophu ngokutyibilikayo. (isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiTaliyane, iSpanish, njl.njl.), ngenxa yobume bezizwe ngezizwe abathengi kunye namaqela.
Imicimbi yemfundo eqhubekayo: ukusuka kwiimodyuli ze-PSM kunye ne-PHA ukuya kubunkokeli, utshintsho lwenkcubeko, kunye nohlalutyo lomngcipheko. Iinkampani ezininzi zibonelela ngesikhokelo sophuhliso lweetalente ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nezifundo zangaphakathi ukukhawulezisa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iingcebiso. Tyala kwizakhono zakho zokuphucula Iya kukugcina ufanelekile kwiindlela, isoftware, kunye nezakhono ezithambileyo.
Ukuba uvela kwisityalo okanye kwimvelaphi yobunjineli, gxininisa ekuboniseni indlela oye wasebenzisa ngayo imigaqo yokhuseleko lwenkqubo ngendlela esebenzayo (umzekelo, izigqibo zokuyila, ulawulo lokukhusela, ukuguqulwa, ukuvavanywa kobungqina bemigangatho yokukhusela). Ukuba uvela kwimvelaphi yokubonisana, bonisa impembelelo yakho enokulinganiswa. ekunciphiseni umngcipheko kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza.
Amacandelo kunye nomjikelo wobomi be-asethi
Amathuba oMphathi we-OHS ogxininise kwiinkqubo agxininiswe kumacandelo afana nesinyithi kunye nemigodi, iikhemikhali, i-oyile negesi kunye namandla, izixhobo zombane, ushishino lwezolimo kunye nempahla yabathengi, ishishini kunye nemveliso, kunye nezabelo zabucala kunye neepotfoliyo zoshishino. Ezi ziindawo apho umsebenzi ubandakanya imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwaye apho ukhuphiswano lwe-PSM/PHA lwenze umahluko.
Ukusebenza kumjikelo wobomi be-asethi kubandakanya ukuphembelela yonke into ukusuka kwingqikelelo kunye nobunjineli obuneenkcukacha, ngokwakha kunye nokugunyazisa, ukuya ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kunye nokugcinwa. Ngexesha lokuguqulwa kunye nokuchithwa, uMphathi we-OHS uqinisekisa ukuba akukho zingozi ezingalindelekanga ezingeniswayo. Lo mbono we-360Āŗ wokomelela kokusebenza Ithintela imicimbi emikhulu kwaye yandisa iindleko.
Indlela eyenziwe ngobuchule ibalulekile: isisombululo esisebenza kwiplanti yepetrochemical ayisoloko ilingana neplanti yokulungisa ukutya. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwimimiselo kunye nemigangatho, kufuneka uqonde inkcubeko, isakhelo solawulo lwendawo, kunye nesicwangciso soshishino. Lungelelanisa ngaphandle kokunciphisa iimfuno zokhuseleko Sesinye sezona zakhono zixatyisiweyo.
Iimeko ezisemgangathweni: ukuhamba, imodeli yomsebenzi kunye nembuyekezo
Kwizikhundla ezinokufikelela kwingingqi okanye kwihlabathi jikelele, uhambo olubanzi luyafuneka, kwezinye iimeko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yexesha. Oku kuvumela uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo kunye nemisebenzi kunye namaqela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba bhetyebhetye kwabasebenzi kuhlala kukhatshwa yimigaqo-nkqubo exubeneyo xa umxhasi okanye ubume beprojekthi buvumela oko.
Ngokwembuyekezo, iinkampani ezithembekileyo zibonelela ngeepakethi ezibandakanya umvuzo okhuphisanayo, intlawulo yonyango, izibonelelo kunye nentlawulo nganye apho kufanelekileyo, ukhuseleko lokukhubazeka, ibhonasi yonyaka edityaniswe nokusebenza, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokulinganisa ubomi bomsebenzi, kunye neendlela zoqeqesho ezifana Ikhosi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kukhuseleko loluntu. Ukufikelela kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe Ukuba nabacebisi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu lolunye uphawu olunomtsalane olukhawulezisa ijika lakho lokufunda.
Iifemu ezinerekhodi elomeleleyo lokukhula zibonelela ngesikhokelo sophuhliso lwetalente ngeendlela ezicacileyo, kubandakanywa iingcebiso zangaphakathi kunye nezikolo zoqeqesho. Loo nkxaso iphinda-phindayo Ibonisa ukuqesheka kwakho kwixesha elizayo kunye nokubanakho kwakho ukukhokela amalinge antsokothileyo.
Umzekelo wehlabathi lokwenyani: umcebisi oqhutywa nenjongo
Kwimarike, kukho iifemu zokubonisana zehlabathi ezinenjongo yokusindisa ubomi kunye nokwakha ikamva elizinzileyo kubathengi, abantu, kunye noluntu. Kwezi femu, abantu basentliziyweni yayo yonke into abayenzayo, kwaye inkqubo yokhuseleko ngumqhubi ophambili wempembelelo yabo. Bafuna iingcali ezikwazi ukukhokela i-PHA (HAZOP, HAZID, LOPA)Ukucebisa abaphathi abaphezulu kunye nokudibanisa umngcipheko wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweshishini kumashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu.
Isindululo sabo sidibanisa ingcebiso evela kwiingcali ezaziwayo, iindlela zoqeqesho ezicwangcisiweyo (kubandakanywa nezifundo zophuhliso lwangaphakathi), imivuzo ekhuphisanayo, ukhuseleko oluguquguqukayo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye neeprojekthi zengingqi kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe. Ukukhula kwehlabathi kuvula amathuba emisebenzi angaqhelekanga kwaye ikuvezela kubathengi kunye noogxa bakho abavela kumazwe amaninzi.
Ukulungelelaniswa, bafuna amava amaninzi kwi-PHA (ngokufanelekileyo ukufaneleka njengoSihlalo we-HAZOP okanye uMququzeleli we-PHA), ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ze-PSM kunye nokulawulwa kwengozi, amava kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, amava kwishishini kunye nokubonisana. Ukukwazi ukubonisa iziphumo zobugcisa ngokucacileyo kunye nokukhokela amaqela kuxabiswa. Abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi bezobugcisa ngokufanayo. Izidanga zobuNjineli (ekukhethwa ukuba zibe ne-MSc okanye i-MBA), ukufunda isiNgesi kunye nolunye ulwimi lwaseYurophu, kunye nokuzimisela okuphezulu ukuhamba kuxhaphakile. Uya kubona ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi yangaphakathi (umzekelo, iikhowudi ezifana ne-J-18808-Ljbffr) ukulandelela isicelo sakho.
Ugxininiso lwalo lwecandelo lubandakanya imigodi, iikhemikhali, i-oyile kunye negesi kunye namandla, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ushishino lwezolimo, iimpahla zabathengi, utyalo-mali lwemveliso kunye nezoshishino, kunye ne-leverages iilevers zenguqu ezifana nophuhliso lobunkokeli, ulawulo lomngcipheko wokusebenza, ukugqwesa kokusebenza kunye nokuzinza / i-ESG, iqiniswe ngoqeqesho, ukuxhotyiswa kwamandla, utshintsho lwenkcubeko kunye nokutsha kwedijithali. Isaci kukukhusela, ukuguqula, kunye nokugcina ixesha elide utshintsho oluvelisa iziphumo ezinokulinganiswa.
Ukufikelela kwiintengiso: iikuki, ukhetho kunye neJavaScript
Xa undwendwela iiphothali zengcali ukukhangela izithuba ze-OHS zoMphathi, uya kufumana izaziso malunga nokusetyenziswa kweekuki ezibalulekileyo kunye nezikhethwayo. Injongo yabo kukubonelela, ukukhusela, ukuhlalutya, kunye nokuphucula inkonzo, kunye nokubonisa intengiso efanelekileyo (kubandakanywa nokuthunyelwa kobuchwephesha kunye nomsebenzi) zombini kunye nangaphandle kweqonga. Kuhlala kukho ikhonkco kumgaqo-nkqubo wecookie ngolwazi oluthe vetshe.
Badla ngokunikezela ngamaqhosha amabini: Yamkela okanye Yale iikuki ezingabalulekanga. Bakwabonisa ukuba unokuhlaziya izinto ozikhethayo nangaliphi na ixesha kwiisetingi zeakhawunti yakho. Ezi zikhetho zikuvumela ukuba ulawule umgangatho wokwenza ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa lufikelelo kwimisebenzi esisiseko.
Kuyenzeka ukuba useto lwebrawuza yakho luvalele okwethutyana ukufikelela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iwebhusayithi ngokwayo iya kukucebisa ukuba uvule iikuki kunye neJavaScript phambi kokuba uphinde ulayishe iphepha ukuze uphinde ufikeleleke. Nje ukuba yenziwe, umxholo ubuyela kumboniso oqhelekileyo.Ngumyalezo ophindaphindiweyo kwaye awubonisi ngxaki ngeakhawunti yakho.
Ngamanye amaxesha uya kubona izinto zokuyila njengeebhloko ezincinci zesitayile ezifakwe kunye nophawu "lwe-scoped". Abafaki umxholo obambekayo; bayinxalenye yesakhiwo sobugcisa bewebhusayithi. Sukuba nexhala xa zivela kwikhowudi yemvelaphi okanye kwimboniso.: ayichaphazeli ukuba semthethweni kwesithembiso okanye isicelo sakho.
Imikhombandlela yokufikelela kuMphathi we-OHS
Umendo oqinileyo kukuqala kwinkqubo yobunjineli, imveliso, ukugcinwa, okanye i-HSE, ukuqokelela amava ezityalo kunye nokuqhelana nemimiselo. Thatha inxaxheba kwi-PHA kwangoko, funda ukubhala izikhuselo, kwaye ucebise ngeentshukumo ezisebenzayo. Qeqesha kwi-PSM kwaye ube nesiqinisekiso somququzeleli we-HAZOP / isitulo. Iya kuvula iingcango kwizikhundla zoxanduva olukhulu, kwaye idibane ne uninzi lwezifundo ezifunwayo.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukukhokela uhlalutyo, ukunika iziphumo kubaphathi, kunye nokubeka iliso kwizicwangciso zokusebenza. Oku kubandakanya ukubandakanya izixhobo zokuhlalutya umngcipheko, inkqubo ye-KPIs, ulawulo lotshintsho (MOC), kunye nophicotho. Ukuba utsalelekile kwindlela yokunqumlaUkubonisana kutyhila kwizityalo ezininzi, iinkcubeko, kunye nemiceli mngeni, kukhawulezisa ijika lakho lokufunda.
Phuhlisa isakhono sakho sokuphembelela: lungiselela imiyalezo yabaphulaphuli bobugcisa kunye neshishini, ziqhelanise nokushwankathela iziphumo ezinzima, kwaye uphucule izakhono zakho zobuchule. Ukuthetha kakuhle isiNgesi kubalulekile; yongeza ulwimi lwesibini lwaseYurophu ukuba ujonge iindima zaseYurophu. Ukuhamba kunye nokufumaneka kokuhamba Ziyadibanisa, ngakumbi kwimibutho enophawu lwehlabathi.
Gcina ipotfoliyo yezinto ozifezileyo: izehlo eziphetshiweyo, ukuncitshiswa komngcipheko okushiyekileyo, ukuphuculwa kokufumaneka, iziphumo zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye neeprojekthi apho izigqibo zakho zibe nefuthe kwiCAPEX/OPEX. Oko kubonisa ukuba awuthobeli kuphela imimiselokodwa uvelisa ixabiso elinokulinganiswa kwishishini.
Ukuba utsalelekile kwindawo eqhutywa yinjongo, khangela iinkampani ezibeka abantu kwiziko, zilinganise impembelelo yazo kubomi, ii-asethi, kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye zibonelele ngophuhliso kunye nesikhokelo soqeqesho. Loo nkqubo yendalo ikhulisa ukukhula kwakho kwaye wandise unyawo lwakho lobuchwephesha.
Ukuba utsaleleke kukhuseleko oluphambili kwimisebenzi entsonkothileyo, eli lixesha elikhethekileyo lokutsiba. Ngemvelaphi yobuchwephesha kwi-PSM kunye ne-PHA, izakhono zokuququzelela, kunye nengqondo ejolise kwiziphumo, Unokuba ngumntu oya kuye okhusela abantu, okhusela ii-asethi, kwaye womeleza uzinzo lweshishini. kwixesha elide
