Umxholo we Ubumi ngesiNgesi kuLuntu lwaseValencian Ibe yenye yeengxoxo ezinkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Intshayelelo yomxholo Imfundo yobumi ngesiNgesi, eyacetywa ekuqaleni liSebe leMfundo, yadala ingxwabangxwaba phakathi kootitshala, imibutho yabasebenzi nabazali babafundi, kwanakwimibutho yezopolitiko, kwaye oku kwakhokelela ekubeni Ugwayimbo olukhulu kwicandelo lezemfundo, babizelwe ukulungisa ukungavisisani. Olu qhankqalazo beluhlelelwe uLwesithathu phambi kweeholide zeKrisimesi, nto leyo ethetha impembelelo enkulu kwezentlalo nezemfundo.
Ukunqongophala kwemvumelwano ngeMfundo yobuMmi ngesiNgesi
Esinye sezona zinto ziphembelela ugwayimbo kukungabikho kwemvisiswano malunga nokuphunyezwa kolu qhankqalazo Ubumi ngesiNgesi. Ukuqaliswa kwale projekthi akuthethi nje ukufundisa isifundo esinye ngakumbi ngolwimi lwasemzini, kodwa kwazisa nocelomngeni kumaziko amaninzi awayengakulungelanga ukuthwala loo mthwalo. Ootitshala abaninzi bathi, nangona beneenjongo ezintle, abanazo izakhono zolwimi zaneleyo ukuze bafundise esi sifundo ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ebangele ukuphulukana nomgangatho wokufundisa.
Kwelinye icala, abazali babexhalabile, kuba babecinga ukuba lo mlinganiselo unokuchaphazela ukuqondwa kweengcamango ezisisiseko kweso sifundo. Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zokusebenza, uqeqesho kunye neenkcukacha ezicacileyo zokuphunyezwa kwenze imeko yaba mandundu. Ukuqaliswa kwesiNgesi kwesi sifundo sibangela ingxwabangxwaba kubonakale kuyiwisa intsika yemfundo, nto leyo ekuqondwa kakuhle kwabafundi.
Iimanyano kunye nendima yazo kugwayimbo
Ejongene nale meko, imibutho yezemfundo, ekhokelwa yimibutho efana ne I-STEPV y I-COO-PV, baqalisa ukuhlanganisana. Emva kweentlanganiso ezininzi ezingaphumelelanga, ekugqibeleni bagqiba ekubeni batsalele umnxeba aba bakhankanywe ngasentla uqhankqalazo olukhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba, nangona ugayo-mandla lwaluququzelelwe yimibutho, ayingawo onke amacandelo ezemfundo athe afikelela kwimvumelwano ngemfuneko yoqhankqalazo. Abanye babekholelwa ukuba uthethathethwano lufanele luqhubeke ngaphambi kokuba kuthatyathwe amanyathelo aqatha ngolo hlobo.
Nangona eli khwelo, iimanyano zenze inkqubela kwiingxoxo zothetha-thethwano neSebe lezeMfundo, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni inxalenye yento abayicebayo ibulawe. Ngenxa yeengxoxo, amanye amaziko awayefundisa umxholo we Ubumi ngesiNgesi Bayeka ukwenza oko, okwabonwa njengoloyiso oluncinane ngabahlaseli.
Ukuhlehliswa kogwayimbo, kodwa hayi ukurhoxiswa
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kwiingxoxo, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba Uqhankqalazo alukhange lurhoxiswe, kodwa luhlehlisiwe. Isigqibo sokuhlehliswa kwaso sibonwe njengeqhinga lobukrelekrele lokugcina uxinzelelo kurhulumente, kunikwa ixesha lokuba aphumeze ezo nguqu zithenjisiweyo, lo gama iimanyano zabasebenzi ziqinisekisa ukuba, ukuba akuhlangatyezwana oko bekuvunyelwene ngako, ziya kuluqalisa ngelinye ixesha uqhankqalazo. Esi sicwangciso sabonisa amandla emibutho yabasebenzi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ngaphandle kokuncama amalungelo azo.
Impembelelo kunye neziphumo zogwayimbo
Xa sithetha ngempembelelo yolu qhankqalazo lwezemfundo, kuyafaneleka ukugqamisa amacandelo aphambili achaphazelekayo, ngakumbi kwizikolo, amaziko kunye nezikolo zeelwimi zaseValencian Community. La maziko abone ukuba imisebenzi yawo iphazanyiswe, amaxesha amaninzi oko kube nemiphumo kubafundi, ootitshala, ngokunjalo nakwiintsapho. Ukungabikho kweeklasi ngenxa yoqhankqalazo kuthethe ukuba zilahlekile iintsuku ezingundoqo kwikhalenda yesikolo, nto leyo ethe yadala iingxaki malunga nokudibanisa kwabafundi umxholo.
Kwelinye icala, olu qhankqalazo luphinde lwagxininiswa nakweminye imimandla yecandelo lezemfundo, neengxoxo-mpikiswano zesizwe malunga nokwenzeka kokufundiswa kwezifundo ezininzi ngesiNgesi ngaphandle kokuba ngaphambili kuqinisekiswe ulungiselelo lolwimi olwaneleyo lootitshala. Ngaphaya koko, imilinganiselo yeniyoliberal ecetywayo ngurhulumente omtsha idale imeko evumayo yokuxoxwa kwe umhlala phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha kunye neminye imiba enxulumene neemeko zokusebenza zootitshala.
Ezinye iingxabano zabasebenzi kwicandelo lezemfundo
Ngaphandle kwe- uqhankqalazo olukhulu Ngokunxulumene nobuMmi ngesiNgesi, ezinye iingxabano zabasebenzi ziye zachaphazela icandelo lezemfundo kwi-Valencian Community. Ngokomzekelo, yakutshanje ukurhoxiswa kokuqeshwa kootitshala abayi-5.000 ngurhulumente okhoyo ngoku ozimeleyo, kusuku nje olunye emva kogwayimbo olukhulu lwezemfundo, uvelise igagasi elitsha lokugxekwa. Isivumelwano sabasebenzi ebesitshilo, esasayinwa kuqala nemibutho yabasebenzi phantsi korhulumente wangaphambili, sibandakanya ukuqeshwa kootitshala bokuqinisa abasebenzi beMfundo yaBasaqalayo, iPrayimari, iSekondari neMfundo eneeMfuno eziZodwa.
Ukucinywa kwesi sivumelwano kubangele unxunguphalo olumandla. Iimanyano zabasebenzi ziwutolika lo mlinganiso njenge ukucheba okufihlakeleyo, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wemfundo kunye nenani elaneleyo lootitshala kumaziko emfundo.
I-STEPV, Umanyano oluninzi kwi-Valencian Community, uye wabiza ukuhlanganiswa okutsha kwaye utyhola urhulumente wangoku ngokunika. ndibuyele kwimfundo yoluntu, ukubeka inkqubela phambili kwikamva kumgangatho wemfundo emngciphekweni.
Ilungelo lokugwayimba kwicandelo lezemfundo
Ilungelo lokugwayimba libandakanyiwe kumthetho waseSpain kwaye ngokwembali belisetyenziswa njengenyathelo loxinzelelo yimibutho yabasebenzi xa uthethwano nabasemagunyeni lungakhange lube nasiqhamo. Ngokutsho kwe Umthetho waseRoyal 17/1977, ukusetyenziswa kwelungelo lokugwayimba alupheli unxulumano lomsebenzi kwaye ayinako ukunika isohlwayo, ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi wenze isiphoso ngexesha layo. Ngexesha logwayimbo, izivumelwano zengqesho zabasebenzi ziyanqunyanyiswa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba inkululeko yabo basebenzi bathathe isigqibo sokungathathi nxaxheba kugwayimbo ihlonitshwe.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba, kumacandelo abalulekileyo afana nezemfundo, ubuncinane beenkonzo ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamalungelo athile asisiseko abemi. ISiqendu 28.2 soMgaqo-siseko waseSpain simisela ezi ziqinisekiso zokuthintela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweenkonzo zoluntu ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa neenkonzo zemfundo, ukuba zichaphazeleke.
Ubuncinci beenkonzo kunye nogwayimbo kwicandelo lezemfundo
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukubhengezwa kogwayimbo kwimfundo akusoloko kuthetha ukuba yonke imisebenzi yemfundo iya kuba ingasebenzi. Abasemagunyeni banokumisela ubuncinane beenkonzo zokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, ezifana neemviwo zokuphela konyaka okanye iiklasi kumanqanaba abalulekileyo emfundo, ziyagcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkonzo zincinci ziye zaba ngumxholo wempikiswano. Eminye imibutho yabasebenzi igxeke ukuba ezona nkonzo zisezantsi zimiselwe kugwayimbo lwezemfundo zingqongqo kakhulu, maxa wambi zinciphisa ilungelo lootitshala lokungenela ugwayimbo ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimanyano zabasebenzi ziye zaqhankqalaza kububanzi beenkonzo ezincinci, zicinga ukuba zixhaphaza kwaye ziyingozi kwimpembelelo yokwenyani yogwayimbo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwecandelo lootitshala nemibutho yabasebenzi
Kuluntu lwaseValencian, ukuhlanganiswa kwecandelo lokufundisa akusiyo isiganeko esisodwa. Kumxholo we inkxaso kwimfundo yoluntu, bobabini ootitshala nabameli bemibutho yabo bebesoloko befuna ukuphuculwa kwemisebenzi nemfundo kangangeminyaka. NgoMeyi ka-2024, ugxininiso olubalulekileyo kunye nemiboniso yabanjwa ukukhusela imfundo yoluntu, ukuya kugwayimbo olubizwe ngumbutho. IQonga lokuKhusela iMfundo yoLuntu. Phakathi kwezona mfuno ziphambili zootitshala yayiyi ukuncitshiswa komlinganiselo wabafundi eziklasini nokuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza kootitshala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala.
Enye yezinto ezixhalabisa kakhulu kwicandelo lootitshala kukuthotywa kwemivuzo ootitshala abaninzi ekuye kwafuneka bajamelane nayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iimanyano ziye zafuna buyisela amandla okuthenga ootitshala bebephulukene nabo ngenxa yokuncipha kwemfundo. Ukongeza, kukwakho nemfuno yokuphuculwa kwezibonelelo kumaziko emfundo, athe, kwiimeko ezininzi, abone ukuthotywa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwawo, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi umgangatho wemfundo efundiswayo.
Umhlala-phantsi kwangoko kwicandelo lezemfundo
Ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangethuba kube yenye yezona zinto zifunwa rhoqo yimibutho yootitshala. Yena isivumelwano sothethathethwano ethe yaphunyezwa kwamanye amacandelo yavumela ootitshala ukuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi phambi kweminyaka yobudala eqhelekileyo, kodwa oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela nganye esetyenziswayo. Kugwayimbo lwezothutho kuLuntu lwaseValencian kunye namanye amacandelo afana nemfundo kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, umhlala-phantsi wangaphambi kwexesha wawungomnye wemiba ephambili eshukuxwayo, kunye nemfuno yokunciphisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ukuya kwiminyaka engama-60 kunye nokuvumela abo titshala bangasekhoyo. iimeko zokufundisa kwaye banokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngaphandle kokuphulukana nenxalenye yomhlalaphantsi wabo.
El i-coefficient yokunciphisa umhlalaphantsi, ngumlinganiselo owaphunyezwa kumacandelo afana nabaqhubi beebhasi, abathe bakwazi ukunyanzela ukuba badlulele phambili kwiminyaka esemthethweni yomhlalaphantsi ngogwayimbo olukhulu.
Umzabalazo wecandelo lezemfundo kuLuntu lwaseValencia lubonisa ukuxhatshazwa okuqokelelwe kwiminyaka ngenxa yokungabikho kokulungiselela, izixhobo kunye notyalo-mali ngurhulumente kwiindawo eziphambili. Imfundo yobumi ngesiNgesi yaba yintlantsi nje eyavuselela intshukumo ebanzi yokukhusela imfundo yoluntu. Le mibutho yoqhanqalazo ibonakalise ubuthathaka benkqubo ebingaziqhelani neemfuno nezingxamisekileyo zeli candelo, kwaye nangona kukho inkqubela ethe yaphunyezwa, kucacile ukuba iingxoxo phakathi kwemibutho yabasebenzi kunye norhulumente kufuneka ziqhubeke ukunqanda ezinye iziqendu zokungqubana.